At its height, around 7000 BC (9000 years ago), it had an area of 15 hectares (37 acres) and was inhabited by ca. The Neolithic site of 'Ain Ghazal today lies in the outskirts of Amman. The 'Ain Ghazal Statues are considered to be the oldest large-scale human statues ever found.
By the Islamic era, the Rashidun Caliphate restored its ancient semitic name and called it Amman in the 7th century AD. Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the Macedonian ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom who reigned from 283 to 246 BC, renamed the city "Philadelphia" ( Ancient Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια literally: " brotherly love"), after himself, after occupying it. In the Hebrew Bible, Rabat ʻAmmān is referred to as "Rabbat Bnei ʿAmmon" ( Biblical Hebrew: רבת בני עמון, Tiberian Hebrew Rabbaṯ Bəne ʿAmmôn), shortened in Modern Hebrew to "Rabbat Ammon", and appears in English translations as "Rabbath Ammon". The Ammonites named it 𐤓𐤁𐤕 𐤏𐤌𐤍, Rabat ʻAmmān, with the term Rabat meaning the "Capital" or the "King's Quarters". Another BRT system under-construction will connect the city to nearby Zarqa.Īmman derives its name ( Ammonite: 𐤓𐤁𐤕 𐤏𐤌𐤍 Rabat ʻAmān) from the ancient people of the Ammonites, whose capital the city had been since the 13th century BCE. The city is served by the Amman Bus and the Amman Bus Rapid Transit public transportation systems. The city is among the most popular locations in the Arab world for multinational corporations to set up their regional offices, alongside Doha and only behind Dubai. Moreover, it was named one of the Middle East and North Africa's best cities according to economic, labor, environmental, and socio-cultural factors. Amman has a relatively fast growing economy, and it is ranked as a Beta− global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Īpproximately one million visitors arrived in Amman in 2018, which made it the 89th most-visited city in the world and the 12th most-visited Arab city.
East Amman is predominantly filled with historic sites that frequently host cultural activities, while West Amman is more modern and serves as the economic center of the city. Areas of Amman have gained their names from either the hills ( jabal) or the valleys ( wadi) they occupy, such as Jabal al-Luweibdeh and Wadi Abdoun. It was initially built on seven hills, but now spans over 19 hills combining 22 areas, which are administered by the Greater Amman Municipality. The city witnessed rapid growth after its designation as Transjordan's capital in 1921, receiving migrations from different Jordanian and Levantine cities, and later several successive waves of refugees: Palestinians in 19 Iraqis in 19 and Syrians since 2011. Amman was largely abandoned from the 15th century until 1878, when Ottoman authorities began settling Circassians there.Īmman's first municipal council was established in 1909. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, the city alternated between periods of devastation and abandonment and periods of relative prosperity as the center of the Balqa region. The Rashidun Caliphate conquered the city from the Byzantines in the 7th century AD, restored its ancient Semitic name and called it Amman. Under Roman rule, Philadelphia was one of the ten Greco-Roman cities of the Decapolis before being directly ruled as part of the Arabia Petraea province. In the 3rd century BC, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt, rebuilt the city and renamed it "Philadelphia", making it a regional center of Hellenistic culture. During the Iron Age, the city was known as Rabat Aman and served as the capital of the Ammonite Kingdom. The earliest evidence of settlement in Amman dates to the 8th millennium BC, in a Neolithic site known as 'Ain Ghazal, where the world's oldest statues of the human form have been unearthed. With a population of 4,061,150 as of 2021, Amman is Jordan's primate city and is the largest city in the Levant region, the fifth-largest city in the Arab world, and the ninth-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East. Amman ( English: / ə ˈ m ɑː n/ Arabic: عَمَّان, ʻammān pronounced ) is the capital and the largest city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political, and cultural center.
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